The department of Chemistry and Biotechnology was created at the School of Science in 2017, founding director was Ivar Järving. The institute merged the former Institute of Chemistry and the Institute of Gene Technology from the Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences and the Institute of Food Technology from the Faculty of Chemistry and Materials Technology.
Institute of Chemistry —The year of teaching continuous chemistry and chemical technology at TalTech should be 1919 and the beginning of teaching at the university should be 1936. Since 2002, the Institute of Chemistry has been part of the Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences of Tallinn University of Technology.
Institute of Gene Technology - The Institute of Gene Technology was established at the Faculty of Chemistry of TalTech in 1997. In 2002, the newly established institute was transferred to the Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences of TalTech.
Institute of Food - Studies on food began at TalTech in 1956, when the Tallinn Polytechnic Institute started to give food industry technology. Five years later, the specialty of catering technology was added.