i³DC Initiative

TalTech’s Power Electronics Group develops the knowledge and technologies needed to move residential direct current systems from research to real-world deployment. This selected open-access portfolio demonstrates impact across the full innovation chain: standards and system architectures for DC buildings, electrical safety and protection, integration of solar photovoltaics and energy storage, and efficient, reliable power conversion.

These publications establish the system-level foundations for efficient, flexible and interoperable DC-powered buildings.

• Universal Interlinking Converter for DC-Powered Prosumer Buildings
  Edivan Laercio Carvalho, Riccardo Mandrioli and Dmitri Vinnikov. IEEE Open Journal of Power Electronics (2025).
  Develops a universal power-electronic interface for DC-powered prosumer buildings.
• Magnetically Integrated Multiport Converter for Energy Management in DC-Powered Buildings
  Edivan Laercio Carvalho, Andrii Chub, Andrei Blinov, Satish Naik Banavath and Dmitri Vinnikov. Eletrônica de Potência (2024).
  Demonstrates integrated multiport power conversion for managing energy flows in DC-powered buildings.
• Concept of Wireless Low-Voltage DC Socket for the Residential House Application
  Viktor Shevchenko, Oleksandr Husev, Bohdan Pakhaliuk, Dmitri Vinnikov and Ryszard Strzelecki. IEEE Access (2024).
  Extends residential DC distribution towards practical low-voltage connection points for household applications.
• Novel Droop Control Strategy for Indirect Battery Management in DC Nanogrids
  Indrek Roasto, Andrei Blinov and Dmitri Vinnikov. Proceedings of the Estonian Academy of Sciences (2024).
  Presents a droop-control approach for indirect battery management in DC nanogrids.
• Three-Phase Bidirectional Isolated AC–DC Matrix-Converter With Full Soft-Switching Range
  Edivan Laercio Carvalho, Andrei Blinov, Pietro Emiliani, Andrii Chub and Dmitri Vinnikov. IEEE Access (2023).
  Demonstrates an isolated bidirectional AC–DC converter with full-range soft switching, providing an efficient grid-interface solution for DC microgrids.
• Grid Integration of DC Buildings: Standards, Requirements and Power Converter Topologies
  Edivan Laercio Carvalho, Andrei Blinov, Andrii Chub, Pietro Emiliani, Giovanni De Carne and Dmitri Vinnikov. IEEE Open Journal of Power Electronics (2022).
  Provides a system-level reference on standards, technical requirements and converter topologies for connecting DC buildings to the wider power system.

Safe deployment is essential for the wider adoption of residential DC systems. These publications address the complete protection chain—from grounding requirements and standards to circuit breakers and residual-current sensing.

• Solid-State Circuit Breakers for DC-Powered Buildings: An Overview of Standards, Directives, and Technologies
  Henrique Bizzi Morari, Lucas Vizzotto Bellinaso, Edivan Laercio Carvalho, Satish Naik Banavath, Giovanni De Carne and Dmitri Vinnikov. IEEE Open Journal of Power Electronics (2026).
  Maps the standards, directives and protection technologies relevant to building-scale DC distribution.
• Cost-Effective Sensor for Residual Current Detection in Residential DC Microgrids
  Tanel Jalakas, Dmitri Vinnikov and Siim Erik Viiding. Proceedings of the Estonian Academy of Sciences (2026).
  Evaluates a cost-effective residual-current sensor and its integration into a solid-state circuit breaker for residential DC microgrids.
• Design and Development of Solid State Circuit Breaker with Residual Current Protection for Residential Prosumer DC Microgrids
  Tanel Jalakas, Andrii Chub, Indrek Roasto, Dmitri Vinnikov and Jarek Kurnitski. Proceedings of the Estonian Academy of Sciences (2025).
  Develops and experimentally validates a combined circuit-breaker and residual-current-protection solution for residential 350 V DC systems.
• Grounding and Isolation Requirements in DC Microgrids: Overview and Critical Analysis
  Mohammadreza Azizi, Oleksandr Husev, Oleksandr Veligorskyi, Saeed Rahimpour and Carlos Roncero-Clemente. Energies (2023).
  Clarifies how grounding and galvanic-isolation choices affect the safety, reliability and practical implementation of DC microgrids.
• Design and Analysis of a DC Solid-State Circuit Breaker for Residential Energy Router Application
  Saeed Rahimpour, Oleksandr Husev and Dmitri Vinnikov. Energies (2022).
  Designs and analyses a fast semiconductor-based circuit breaker for residential DC energy-router applications.

These publications show how DC systems can integrate locally generated solar energy, batteries and second-life storage more efficiently. They also provide openly reusable experimental data for further research and technology development.

• Fault Scenarios and Protection Challenges in Multiport Partial Power Converters for PV-Battery Integrated DC Microgrids
  Neelesh Yadav, Andrii Chub, Tuhin Mitra and Ahmad Makkieh. IEEE Open Journal of Power Electronics (2026).
  Identifies fault scenarios and protection requirements for converters that integrate photovoltaic generation and battery storage.
• Enhancement of Residential PV Energy Storage System by Supercapacitor Battery – High Spatial Resolution Data Analysis
  Szymon Rogowski, Sayeed Hasan, Andrii Chub and Maciej Sibiński. Proceedings of the Estonian Academy of Sciences (2025).
  Uses high-resolution operating data to evaluate a hybrid battery–supercapacitor solution for mitigating fluctuations in residential photovoltaic systems.
• High-Efficiency Partial Power Converter for Integration of Second-Life Battery Energy Storage Systems in DC Microgrids
  Naser Hassanpour, Andrii Chub, Neelesh Yadav, Andrei Blinov and Dmitri Vinnikov. IEEE Open Journal of the Industrial Electronics Society (2024).
  Demonstrates efficient partial-power conversion for integrating second-life battery systems into DC microgrids.
• Analysis of Design Requirements and Optimization Possibilities of Partial Power Converter for Photovoltaic String Applications in DC Microgrids
  Andrii Chub, Naser Hassanpour, Neelesh Yadav, Tanel Jalakas, Andrei Blinov and Dmitri Vinnikov. IEEE Access (2024).
  Defines design requirements and optimization opportunities for partial-power converters used with photovoltaic strings.
• Novel Universal Power Electronic Interface for Integration of PV Modules and Battery Energy Storages in Residential DC Microgrids
  Vadim Sidorov, Andrii Chub, Dmitri Vinnikov and Andre Lindvest. IEEE Access (2023).
  Proposes a universal interface that enables photovoltaic modules and battery storage to share a common converter platform.
• DC Integration of Residential Photovoltaic Systems: A Survey
  Omar Abdel-Rahim, Andrii Chub, Dmitri Vinnikov and Andrei Blinov. IEEE Access (2022).
  Surveys the architectures, converter technologies and design challenges associated with direct integration of residential photovoltaics into DC systems.

Advanced converter topologies, modulation methods and adaptive control techniques provide the technological foundation for compact, efficient and reliable DC systems.

• A Comprehensive Review of Galvanically Isolated DC–DC Converters for Wide Voltage Gain Range Applications
  Salman Khan, Andrii Chub, Abualkasim Bakeer, Dmitri Vinnikov, Matthias J. Kasper and Gerald Deboy. IEEE Open Journal of Power Electronics (2026).
  Reviews isolated converter families and design approaches for applications requiring a wide voltage-conversion range.
• Reconfigurable Non-Isolated DC–DC Converter for DC Microgrid Applications
  Vinod Kumar Yadav, Andrii Chub and Neelesh Yadav. IEEE Open Journal of Power Electronics (2026).
  Introduces a reconfigurable converter architecture designed to support different operating requirements in DC microgrids.
• Cycle-Skipping Technique Based on Sigma-Delta Modulation for Power Regulation in Modular SRC-DCX
  Lohith Kumar Pittala, Andrii Chub, Vadim Sidorov, Salman Khan, Mattia Ricco and Riccardo Mandrioli. IEEE Open Journal of Power Electronics (2026).
  Applies sigma-delta-based cycle skipping to regulate power in modular series-resonant DC transformer systems.
• Comparative Evaluation of Common-Ground Converters for Dual-Purpose Application
  Tala Hemmati Shahsavar, Saeed Rahimpour, Naser Vosoughi Kurdkandi, Artem Fesenko, Oleksandr Matiushkin, Oleksandr Husev and Dmitri Vinnikov. Energies (2023).
  Compares common-ground converter architectures capable of supporting applications in both DC and AC grids.
• Survey of Topology Morphing Control Techniques for Performance Enhancement of Galvanically Isolated DC–DC Converters
  Vadim Sidorov, Andrii Chub, Dmitri Vinnikov and Fang Z. Peng. IEEE Open Journal of the Industrial Electronics Society (2022).
  Reviews topology-morphing control methods that allow isolated DC–DC converters to adapt their operating configuration, improve efficiency and extend their effective conversion range.

Open research data enables independent analysis, model development and comparison of new energy-management approaches. It also helps transfer research results into practical tools for building designers, technology developers and policymakers.

• Solar PV Generation and Consumption Dataset of an Estonian Residential Dwelling
  Sayeed Hasan, Andrei Blinov, Andrii Chub and Dmitri Vinnikov. Scientific Data (2025).
  Describes an openly accessible, year-long dataset with 10-second-resolution measurements of photovoltaic generation and household electricity consumption in Estonia. The data supports research into residential self-consumption, energy-storage sizing, demand patterns, energy management and the transition towards efficient DC-powered buildings.
  Access and download the open dataset from the TalTech Data Repository.

These results support the i³DC Initiative’s mission to accelerate awareness, innovation and industrial uptake of residential DC technology. Many of the concepts can be explored and validated in the TalTech Residential DC Innovation Hub—a living laboratory for testing DC distribution, renewable-energy integration, storage, protection devices and power-electronic systems.

Interested in research collaboration, technology validation or industrial partnership? Contact the i³DC Initiative.